Chibido

06/04/2022/by sherve@univ-brest.fr

Frigo

Présentation Thématiques Equipe Projets

18/01/2022/by sherve@univ-brest.fr

Chibido team

Team

Chibido

Marine chemistry, biogeochemical cycles and ocean dynamics

The marine biogeochemical cycles of the major and trace elements play fundamental roles in both the biological and chemical functioning of the ocean but also in terrestrial climatic regulation. Marine ecosystems (phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria, fish, predators) occupy a central place within these cycles and contribute by various processes (assimilation-degradation-trophic transfer-sedimentation) to transform, store and redistribute the chemical elements in the column. of ocean water. These transformations favor different levels of coupling between the element cycles and interact directly on the climate by modifying the gas exchanges involved in the radiative balance of the atmosphere (CO2, CH4, N2O, DMS). Despite significant progress made in recent decades, this essential role of marine ecosystems on biogeochemical cycles and ultimately on the climate remains poorly quantified and is still a scientific issue.

This issue is all the more important in the current context in which anthropogenic pressures on the ocean and marine organisms continue to increase and multiply. Climate change and modification of environmental forcings (T, pH, pCO2, currents, extension of sea ice), releases of polluting substances (toxic metals, pesticides, microplastics, etc.), intensive exploitation of biological resources or the degradation of natural habitats are all factors that can profoundly alter the structure, functioning and biodiversity of marine ecosystems. What will be the impacts of these modifications on biogeochemical cycles, ocean productivity, gas exchanges? What will be the climate feedbacks and organizations’ response to these changes? These are all questions that the scientific community must answer if it intends to reduce the uncertainties associated with climate simulations and anticipate the joint evolution of marine ecosystems.

It is around these questions that our research team (CHIBIDO) develops its activities. Our objects of study are the biogeochemical cycles of the major elements (C, N, P, S, Si) and metallic traces (Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Cd, Mo, Pb) and we try, by multidisciplinary approaches involving physicists, biologists, chemists and modelers to contribute to the improvement of knowledge on the interactions between oceanic dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems and climate. Our research actions combine a wide spectrum of approaches associating the development of new methods of analysis (multi-elementary, isotopic and speciation), the implementation of tracers / geochemical proxies (Baxs, 234Th, δ30Si, δ11B), in situ observation at different scales (microcosms, mesocosms, basin, global), laboratory experimentation and the use of numerical modeling. These approaches are part of the international (IMBER, GEOTRACES, SOLAS) and national (LEFE-CYBER, EC2CO / DRIL, LABEX Sea) programmatic framework and are structured along three lines of research:

Axes de recherche de l’équipe Chibido.

Axis 1: Dynamics and flows at the interfaces

Animation: Olivier Ragueneau & Gabriel Dulaquais

A better understanding of oceanic biogeochemical cycles requires describing and understanding input and output, and their variability. To this end, we are working on the different interfaces with the ocean, since these interfaces are external sources and sinks of matter whose intensity and importance vary according to the element considered. These interfaces are generally the site of strong physico-chemical gradients and are extremely sensitive to different anthropogenic pressures.

Sediments, the ocean-atmosphere interface, and hydrothermal springs are the sources of metals for the ocean. Our findings showing that bacterial concentrations in rainwater samples are related to the increase in iron-specific ligand concentrations that can impact organic speciation of iron, our objective is to better understand the interactions between iron and bioaerosols and their fate in the ocean water column. In hydrothermal environments, our objective is to identify and describe the chemical reactions that determine the organic complexing of metals.

The land-sea continuum is an interface strongly impacted by anthropogenic pressures. The physico-chemical gradients in estuaries control river inputs of biogenic (Si, N) and metallic elements. Our team continues to improve our understanding of the dynamics of these elements along the land-sea continuum by studying the changes that occur through adsorption/desorption, coagulation, complexing or degradation processes and by characterizing the composition and physico-chemical role of organic matter that influences their bioavailability/toxicity.

In addition, our work in the Bay of Vilaine should lead us to participate in the development of a nutrient limitation scheme that could restore eutrophic ecosystems. By improving our knowledge of the Brest Rade we wish to use climate change scenarios to model the evolution of nutrient fluxes in the coastal zone. These scenarios can be combined with scenarios of changes in agricultural practices in the watersheds in collaboration with AMURE’s team of economists.

Axis 2: biogeochemical cycles and ocean dynamics

Animation: Pascal Rivière & Eva Bucciarelli

In this RA, we are seeking to better understand the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton production in relation to cycle dynamics and small-scale hydrodynamic structures. To do this, we have targeted several objectives

(1) to observe and describe the distributions and chemical speciation of dissolved and particulate trace metals during major international oceanographic cruises

(2) to study factors such as limitations or toxicity and pressures that will control the internal dynamics of biogenic elements (N, Si, metals) in relation to phytoplankton physiology and phytoplankton community structure in collaboration with Team 2

(3) to link small-scale dynamic structures and planktonic biodiversity.

To achieve these objectives, we combine different approaches involving in situ observation within the framework of international (GEOTRACES) and national programs (biologging and sea elephants CNES-TOSCA ) or from the LAbexMer and EUR ISblue (M2BIPAT), laboratory and natural environment process studies (isotopic techniques), as well as 3D ocean circulation models (NEMO, CROCO) coupled with biogeochemical models (PISCES, DARWIN, DARWIN-QUOTA) to understand planktonic diversity.

Axis 3: the biological carbon pump

Animation : Laurent Mémery

In close connection with ISBLUE Theme 1, the objectives of this axis are to study the factors controlling the nature, amplitude, and mitigation of carbon export fluxes from the surface to the deep ocean. Emphasis is placed on the processes of particle formation (biological and physical aggregation), vertical export (proxy 234Th), mesopelagic remineralization (proxy Baxs) and trophic interactions with microbial and zooplankton communities. Despite the progress made by recent models that increasingly take into account the processes controlling export, such as size classes and zooplankton behaviour, there is still a need to improve our understanding of particle dynamics and the factors affecting particle size and number, their sink rate and their fate in the mesopalagic zone. To this end, our approach includes in situ measurement campaigns using geochemical proxies, as well as process studies more specifically related to processes impacting particle dynamics in mesopelagic zones and various modelling tools.

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The ocean dynamics is structured on scales ranging from a thousand kilometers, a few meters, through the tens / hundreds of kilometers.
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Team leaders

Matthieu WAELES

Chibido-leader, chibido resercher or teacher, permanent-position, staff

Brivaëla MORICEAU

chibido resercher or teacher, Chibido-leader, permanent-position, staff

Researchers and teachers

engineers and technicians

Corentin BAUDET

Chibido engineer or technician, staff

Rudolph CORVAISIER

Chibido engineer or technician, Discovery engineer or technician, permanent-position, staff

Gaspard DELEBECQ

Chibido engineer or technician, permanent-position, staff

Jérémy DEVESA

Chibido engineer or technician, Discovery engineer or technician, permanent-position, staff

Morgane GALLINARI

Chibido engineer or technician, permanent-position, staff

Emmanuel LAURENCEAU

Chibido engineer or technician, staff

Manon LE GOFF

Chibido engineer or technician, Discovery engineer or technician, permanent-position, staff

Claire TITO DE MORAIS

Chibido engineer or technician, permanent-position, staff

PhD students

Florian BARGE

Chibido Phd Student, Discovery PhD student, staff

Marie BASSEZ

Léa BENITO

Clémence BLAIS

Chibido Phd Student, Discovery PhD student, staff

Lucas BOSSEBOEUF

Pauline CRETIN

Anne GAYMARD

Maéva GESSON

Tristan GOBERT

Jean LITTAYE

Loïc MADEC

Antoine RINGARD

Emma ROUSSEL

Laura SCHWEIBOLD

Théo PICARD

Anastasia VOLORIO-GALÉA

Post-doctoral positions

Lucie CASSARINO

Ryan CLOETE

Nicolas DJEGHRI

Agnès LEWDEN

Matthieu CIVEL-MAZENS

Morgane PERRON

Jordan TOULLEC

chibido resercher or teacher, staff

08/12/2023/by Sebastien Herve

The ocean may be storing more carbon than estimated in previous studies

News, News à la Une, news homepage, presse et media, publication

Our colleague Frédéric Le Moigne contributed to an international study on the efficiency of the oceanic carbon pump. The study, published this week in Nature magazine, reassesses the ocean’s capacity to store carbon, particularly through ‘marine snow’. The CNRS issued a press release about this publication :

The ocean’s capacity to store atmospheric carbon dioxide is almost 20% higher than the estimates presented in the latest IPCC report. These are the findings of a study published in the journal Nature on 6 December 2023 by an international team including a biologist from the CNRS. The scientists looked at the role played by plankton in the natural transport of carbon from the surface to the seabed.

Plankton is fond of this gas, which it transforms into organic tissue through photosynthesis during its development, and some of it is transformed into marine particles at the end of its life. Denser than seawater, this ‘marine snow’ sinks to the seabed, storing carbon and providing essential nutrients for many deep-sea creatures, from tiny bacteria to deep-sea fish.

Based on the study of a database collected from around the world since the 1970s using oceanographic vessels, the team of seven scientists were able to digitally map the fluxes of organic matter throughout the oceans. The resulting new estimate of storage capacity is 15 gigatonnes per year, an increase of around 20% on the previous studies (11 gigatonnes per year) reported by the IPCC in its 2021 report.

This reassessment of the seabed’s storage capacity represents a significant advance in our understanding of carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean at a global level. While the team stresses that this absorption process takes place over tens of thousands of years, and is therefore not sufficient to offset the exponential increase in CO2 emissions generated by global industrial activity since 1750, this study nevertheless reinforces the importance of the ocean ecosystem as a major player in regulating the global climate in the long term.

Reference:

Biological carbon pump estimate based on multi-decadal hydrographic data. Wei-Lei Wang, Weiwei Fu, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Robert T. Letscher, Yi Liu, Jin-Ming Tang, and François W. Primeau. Nature, le 6 décembre 2023.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06772-4

08/12/2023/by Sebastien Herve

Frédéric LE MOIGNE

26/04/2022/by sherve@univ-brest.fr

APERO

06/04/2022/by sherve@univ-brest.fr

Frigo