TY - JOUR TI - Sources of paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation variability in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas AU - Pousse, Emilien AU - Flye-Sainte-Marie, Jonathan AU - Alunno-Bruscia, Marianne AU - Hégaret, Helene AU - Jean, Fred T2 - Toxicon AB - This study was designed to assess the contribution of feeding behavior to inter-individual variability of paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) accumulation in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. For this purpose 42 oysters were exposed for 2 days to non-toxic algae and then for 2 other days to the PST producer Alexandrium minutum. Individual clearance rate (CR) of oysters was continuously monitored over the 4 days using an ecophysiological measurement system. Comparison of CR values when exposed to toxic and non toxic algae allowed to estimate a clearance rate inhibition index (CRII). Toxin concentration of oysters was quantified at the end of the experiment. These data allowed to estimate the toxin accumulation efficiency (TAE) as the ratio of toxin accumulated on toxin consumed. Changes of clearance rate during the experiment indicated that all individuals stopped feeding immediately after being exposed to A. minutum for at least 7 h. This fast response likely corresponded to a behavioral mechanism of avoidance rather to a toxin-induced response. Individuals also showed high inter-variability in their recovery of filtration after this period. Most of the inter-individual variability (78%) in PST accumulation in C gigas could be explained by the consumption of A. minutum cells, thus emphasizing the importance of the feeding behavior in accumulation. Based on the toxin concentration in their tissues, oysters were clustered in 3 groups showing contrasted patterns of PST accumulation: the high accumulation group was characterized by high feeding rates both on non-toxic and toxic diet and subsequently a low CRII and high TAE. Inversely, the low accumulation group was characterized by low filtration rates, high CRII and low TAE. Both filtration capacity and sensitivity of oysters to toxins may account for the differences in their accumulation. The contribution of TAE in PST accumulation is discussed and might result from differences in assimilation and detoxification abilities among individuals. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DA - 2018/03// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.12.050 DP - Web of Science VL - 144 SP - 14 EP - 22 J2 - Toxicon LA - English SN - 0041-0101 UR - https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00416/52789/ DB - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041010117304166 KW - ACCUTOX_ANR-13-CESA-0019 KW - ACL KW - Accumulation KW - Alexandrium minutum KW - CNRS KW - Clearance rate KW - DISCOVERY KW - Feeding behavior KW - Ifremer KW - LabexMER_ANR-10-LABX-0019 KW - Pacific oyster KW - Paralytic shellfish poisoning KW - UBO KW - algal blooms KW - bivalve mollusks KW - catenella KW - climate-change KW - dinoflagellate alexandrium-fundyense KW - feeding-behavior KW - minutum KW - mussel mytilus-edulis KW - panorama KW - psp toxins KW - sodium-channel ER -